Multi-Mode Pinching-Antenna Systems: Polarization-Aware Full-Wave Modeling and Optimization
arXiv:2604.01778v1 Announce Type: cross Abstract: Millimeter-wave and terahertz communications face a fundamental challenge: overcoming severe path loss without sacrificing spectral efficiency. Pinching antenna systems (PASS) address this by bringing radiators physically close to users, yet existing frameworks treat the waveguide as a mere transmission line, overlooking its inherent multi-mode capabilities and the critical role of polarization. This paper develops the first polarization-aware, full-wave electromagnetic model for multi-mode PASS (MMPASS), capturing spatial radiation patterns, modal polarization states, and polarization matching efficiency from first principles. Leveraging this physically grounded model, we reveal fundamental trade-offs among waveguide attenuation, atmospher
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Abstract:Millimeter-wave and terahertz communications face a fundamental challenge: overcoming severe path loss without sacrificing spectral efficiency. Pinching antenna systems (PASS) address this by bringing radiators physically close to users, yet existing frameworks treat the waveguide as a mere transmission line, overlooking its inherent multi-mode capabilities and the critical role of polarization. This paper develops the first polarization-aware, full-wave electromagnetic model for multi-mode PASS (MMPASS), capturing spatial radiation patterns, modal polarization states, and polarization matching efficiency from first principles. Leveraging this physically grounded model, we reveal fundamental trade-offs among waveguide attenuation, atmospheric absorption, and geometric spreading, yielding closed-form solutions for optimal PA placement and orientation in single-user scenarios. Extending to multi-user settings, we propose a modular optimization framework that integrates fractional programming with closed-form polarization updates, scaling gracefully to arbitrary numbers of waveguides, PAs, and users. Numerical results show that MMPASS achieves up to a 167% increase in spectral efficiency compared with single-mode PASS. Moreover, when comparing MMPASS with its polarization-ignorant counterpart, polarization awareness alone improves the sum rate by up to 23%. By bridging rigorous electromagnetic theory with scalable optimization, MMPASS establishes a physically complete and practically viable foundation for future high-frequency wireless networks.
Comments: Keywords: Pinching antenna systems, multi-mode pinching antennas, 6G, polarization, electromagnetic modeling
Subjects:
Information Theory (cs.IT); Signal Processing (eess.SP)
Cite as: arXiv:2604.01778 [cs.IT]
(or arXiv:2604.01778v1 [cs.IT] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.01778
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration)
Submission history
From: Yulin Shao [view email] [v1] Thu, 2 Apr 2026 08:43:02 UTC (903 KB)
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